2023陕西专升本英语语法重难点之定语从句（陕西专升本英语答题技巧）

一、关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

I gave her all the money that I had.

2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.

3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 （限制性、非限制性）

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1. Who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money?

The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.

2. Whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用

whom。

There are some people whom we like and others whom we dislike.

The people, whom I work with are all friendly.

Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.

3. Whose

人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往

是从属关系。

There are some people whose faces you can never forget.

I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.

4. Which

1）指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。

English is a language，which is easy to learn.

The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.

2）which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句

Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.

Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.

5. That

指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中作主语或

宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。

He is the man that lives next door.

I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.

The dress (that) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.

Is there anything (that) I can do for you? （定语从句修饰先行词 anything，that

作宾语，可省略）

6. As

as 可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。

1）在限制性定语从句中，as 可跟在由 such, so, the same 修饰的先行词之后。

Such men as heard him were deeply moved.

I've never heard such stories as he tells.

He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.

2）在非限制性定语从句中，as 可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在

主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。

As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.

必背：

as is known to all 这是众所周知的

as has been said before 如前所说

as is often the case 情况常常如此

三、关系副引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有 when, where 或 why 等。when, where, why 分别在

定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which 结构，分别代替表示时间、地

点或原因的先行词。

1. when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

(when= on which)

2. where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

I recently went back to the town where I was born.

(where = in which)

3. why

指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(why = for which)

四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1. 限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如

果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。

This is the boy who broke the window.

I have a book which teaches English grammar.

The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.

2. 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说

明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。

I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.

五、特别注意只用 that 的情况

1．当先行词为 everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little 等词时，或当

先行词被 every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时。

Everything that they said was true.

There was little that we could do to help her.

These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.